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1 General aspects (0)   1.1 Epidemiology (3)   1.2 Population genetics (1)   1.3 Pathogenesis (3)   1.4 Quality of life (4)   1.5 Glaucomas as cause of blindness (2)   1.6 Prevention and screening (4) 2 Anatomical structures in glaucoma (1)   2.1 Conjunctiva (1)   2.2 Cornea (8)   2.3 Sclera (1)   2.4 Anterior chamber angle (0)   2.5 Meshwork (0)     2.5.1 Trabecular meshwork (12)     2.5.2 Schlemms canal (1)     2.5.3 Scleral outlet channels (0)   2.6 Aqueous humor dynamics (3)     2.6.1 Production (0)     2.6.2 Outflow (1)       2.6.2.1 Trabecular meshwork (0)       2.6.2.2 Uveoscleral (0)     2.6.3 Compostion (2)   2.7 Episcleral veins and venous pressure (0)   2.8 Iris (0)   2.9 Ciliary body (3)   2.10 Lens (0)   2.11 Vitreous body (0)   2.12 Choroid, peripapillary choroid, peripapillary atrophy (0)   2.13 Retina and retinal nerve fibre layer (11)   2.14 Optic disc (5)   2.15 Optic nerve (2)   2.16 Chiasma and retrochiasmal central nervous system (2)   2.17 Stem cells (0)   2.20 Other (0) 3 Laboratory methods (8)   3.1 Microscopy (2)   3.2 Electron microscopy (0)   3.3 Immunohistochemistry (13)   3.4 Molecular genetics (0)     3.4.1 Linkage studies (10)     3.4.2 Gene studies (4)   3.5 Molecular biology incl. 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with intraocular tumors (0)     9.4.9 Glaucomas associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure (0)       9.4.10 Glaucomas associated with hemorrhage (0)     9.4.11 Glaucomas following intraocular surgery (0)       9.4.11.1 Ciliary block (malignant) glaucoma (1)       9.4.11.2 Glaucomas in aphakia and pseudophakia (1)       9.4.11.3 Epithelial, fibrous, and endothelial proliferation (0)       9.4.11.4 Glaucomas associated with corneal surgery (0)       9.4.11.5 Glaucomas associated with vitreoretinal surgery (2)     9.4.15 Glaucoma in relation to systemic disease (5)     9.4.20 Other (0) 10 Differential diagnosis e.g. anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (6) 11 Medical treatment (0)   11.1 General management, indication (8)   11.2 Cholinergic drugs (1)   11.3 Adrenergic drugs (0)     11.3.1 Epinephrine (0)     11.3.2 Thymoxamine, dapiprazole (0)     11.3.3 Apraclonidine, brimonidine (0)     11.3.4 Betablocker (12)     11.3.5 Other (0)   11.4 Prostaglandins (31)   11.5 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Without tube implant (9)     12.8.2 With tube implant or other drainage devices (12)     12.8.3 Non-perforating (6)     12.8.4 Using laser (0)     12.8.5 Other (0)     12.8.10 Woundhealing antifibrosis (10)     12.8.11 Complications, endophthalmitis (8)   12.9 Trabeculotomy, goniotomy (1)   12.10 Cyclodestruction (3)   12.11 Cyclodialysis (0)   12.12 Cataract extraction (0)     12.12.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.12.2 Extracapsular (0)     12.12.3 Phacoemulsification (12)   12.14 Combined cataract extraction and glaucoma surgery (0)     12.14.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.14.2 Extracapsular (1)     12.14.3 Phacoemulsification (7)   12.15 Capsulotomy (0)   12.16 Vitrectomy (0)   12.17 Anesthesia (0)   12.20 Other (6) 13 Therapeutic prognosis and outcome (0)   13.1 Prognostic factors (0)   13.2 Outcome (0)     13.2.1 IOP (0)     13.2.2 Visual field (0)       13.2.2.1 Progression (0)       13.2.2.2 Improvement (0)     13.2.3 Other (0) 14 Costing studies; pharmacoeconomics (5) 15 Miscellaneous (10)

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Abstract #12167 Published in IGR 7-2

Dexamethasone alters F-actin architecture and promotes cross-linked actin network formation in human trabecular meshwork tissue

Clark AF; Brotchie D; Read AT; Hellberg P; English Wright S; Pang IH; Ethier CR; Grierson I
Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2005; 60: 83-95

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Elevated intraocular pressure is an important risk factor for the development of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. This ocular hypertension is due to increased hydrodynamic resistance to the drainage of aqueous humor through specialized outflow tissues, including the trabecular meshwork (TM) and the endothelial lining of Schlemm's canal. We know that glucocorticoid therapy can cause increased outflow resistance and glaucoma in susceptible individuals, that the cytoskeleton helps regulate aqueous outflow resistance, and that glucocorticoid treatment alters the actin cytoskeleton of cultured TM cells. Our purpose was to characterize the actin cytoskeleton of cells in outflow pathway tissues in situ, to characterize changes in the cytoskeleton due to dexamethasone treatment in situ, and to compare these with changes observed in cell culture. Human ocular anterior segments were perfused with or without 10^-7 M dexamethasone, and F-actin architecture was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. We found that outflow pathway cells contained stress fibers, peripheral actin staining, and occasional actin 'tangles'. Dexamethasone treatment caused elevated IOP in several eyes and increased overall actin staining, with more actin tangles and the formation of cross-linked actin networks (CLANs). The actin architecture in TM tissues was remarkably similar to that seen in cultured TM cells. Although CLANs have been reported previously in cultured cells, this is the first report of CLANs in tissue. These cytoskeletal changes may be associated with increased aqueous humor outflow resistance after ocular glucocorticoid treatment.

Dr. A.F. Clark, Glaucoma Research, Alcon Research, Ltd. Fort Worth, Texas 76134, USA. abe.clark@alconlabs.com

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Classification:

2.5.1 Trabecular meshwork (Part of: 2 Anatomical structures in glaucoma > 2.5 Meshwork)
3.9 Pathophysiology (Part of: 3 Laboratory methods)

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