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1 General aspects (0)   1.1 Epidemiology (4)   1.2 Population genetics (1)   1.3 Pathogenesis (1)   1.4 Quality of life (7)   1.5 Glaucomas as cause of blindness (1)   1.6 Prevention and screening (11) 2 Anatomical structures in glaucoma (0)   2.1 Conjunctiva (0)   2.2 Cornea (13)   2.3 Sclera (4)   2.4 Anterior chamber angle (3)   2.5 Meshwork (0)     2.5.1 Trabecular meshwork (8)     2.5.2 Schlemms canal (0)     2.5.3 Scleral outlet channels (0)   2.6 Aqueous humor dynamics (0)     2.6.1 Production (1)     2.6.2 Outflow (0)       2.6.2.1 Trabecular meshwork (3)       2.6.2.2 Uveoscleral (1)     2.6.3 Compostion (2)   2.7 Episcleral veins and venous pressure (0)   2.8 Iris (3)   2.9 Ciliary body (3)   2.10 Lens (1)   2.11 Vitreous body (0)   2.12 Choroid, peripapillary choroid, peripapillary atrophy (1)   2.13 Retina and retinal nerve fibre layer (24)   2.14 Optic disc (18)   2.15 Optic nerve (4)   2.16 Chiasma and retrochiasmal central nervous system (0)   2.17 Stem cells (0)   2.20 Other (0) 3 Laboratory methods (0)   3.1 Microscopy (1)   3.2 Electron microscopy (0)   3.3 Immunohistochemistry (5)   3.4 Molecular genetics (0)     3.4.1 Linkage studies (12)     3.4.2 Gene studies (10)   3.5 Molecular biology incl. SiRNA (12)   3.6 Cellular biology (7)   3.7 Biochemistry (2)   3.8 Pharmacology (9)   3.9 Pathophysiology (0)   3.10 Immunobiology (2)   3.11 Pharmacogenetics (0)   3.12 Proteomics (0)   3.13 In vivo imaging (0)     3.13.1 Laser Scanning (0)       3.13.1.1 Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (0)       3.13.1.2 Confocal Scanning Laser Polarimetry (0)     3.13.2 Optical Coherence Tomography (0)       3.13.2.1 Anterior Segment (0)       3.13.2.2 Posterior Segment (1)     3.13.3 RGC Imaging (0)     3.13.4 Other (0)   3.20 Other (0) 4 Tissue culture of ocular cells (0) 5 Experimental glaucoma; animal models (2)   5.1 Rodent (15)   5.2 Primates (5)   5.3 Other (9) 6 Clinical examination methods (0)   6.1 Intraocular pressure measurement; factors affecting IOP (0)     6.1.1 Devices, techniques (7)     6.1.2 Fluctuation, circadian rhythms (4)     6.1.3 Factors affecting IOP (8)   6.2 Tonography, aqueous flow measurement (see also 2.6) (0)   6.3 Biomicroscopy (slitlamp) (0)     6.3.1 Anterior segment (0)     6.3.2 Posterior segment (0)   6.4 Gonioscopy (0)   6.5 Ophthalmoscopy (0)   6.6 Visual field examination and other visual function tests (0)     6.6.1 Conventional manual (0)     6.6.2 Automated (5)     6.6.3 Special methods (e.g. color, contrast, SWAP etc.) (7)   6.7 Electro-ophthalmodiagnosis (3)   6.8 Photography (0)     6.8.1 Anterior segment (2)     6.8.2 Posterior segment (2)   6.9 Computerized image analysis (0)     6.9.1 Laser scanning (0)       6.9.1.1 Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (9)       6.9.1.2 Confocal Scanning Laser Polarimetry (7)     6.9.2 Optical coherence tomography (0)       6.9.2.1 Anterior (6)       6.9.2.2 Posterior (17)     6.9.5 Other (1)   6.10 Fluorescein (ICG) angiography (0)     6.10.1 Anterior segment (0)     6.10.2 Posterior segment (1)   6.11 Bloodflow measurements (8)   6.12 Ultrasonography and ultrasound biomicroscopy (5)   6.13 Provocative tests (4)   6.19 Telemedicine (0)   6.20 Progression (0)   6.30 Other (0) 8 Refractive errors in relation to glaucoma (0)   8.1 Myopia (5)   8.2 Hypermetropia (0)   8.3 Contact lenses (0)   8.4 Refractive surgical procedures (2)   8.5 Other (0) 9 Clinical forms of glaucomas (0)   9.1 Developmental glaucomas (0)     9.1.1 Congenital glaucoma, Buphthalmos (9)     9.1.2 Juvenile glaucoma (5)     9.1.3 Syndromes of Axenfeld, Rieger, Peters, aniridia (3)     9.1.4 Other (0)   9.2 Primary open angle glaucomas (1)     9.2.1 Ocular hypertension (3)     9.2.2 Other risk factors for glaucoma (4)     9.2.3 Open angle glaucoma with elevated IOP (1)     9.2.4 Normal pressure glaucoma (8)   9.3 Primary angle closure glaucomas (1)     9.3.1 Acute primary angle closure glaucoma (pupillary block) (5)     9.3.2 Chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (pupillary block) (4)     9.3.3 Plateau iris syndrome (2)     9.3.4 Primary angle closure suspect (0)     9.3.5 Primary angle closure (2)     9.3.10 Other (0)   9.4 Glaucomas associated with other ocular and systemic disorders (0)     9.4.1 Steroid-induced glaucoma (9)     9.4.2 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera (0)       9.4.2.1 Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE, incl. irisatrophy) (0)       9.4.2.2 Posterior polymorphous dystrophy (0)       9.4.2.3 Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (0)       9.4.2.5 Other (3)     9.4.3 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the iris and ciliary body (0)       9.4.3.1 Pigmentary glaucoma (1)       9.4.3.5 Other (0)     9.4.4 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the lens (0)       9.4.4.1 Exfoliation syndrome (10)       9.4.4.2 Glaucomas associated with cataracts (1)       9.4.4.3 Glaucomas associated with lens dislocation (1)       9.4.4.5 Other (0)     9.4.5 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the retina, choroid and vitreous (0)       9.4.5.1 Neovascular glaucoma (7)       9.4.5.5 Other (3)     9.4.6 Glaucomas associated with inflammation, uveitis (4)     9.4.7 Glaucomas associated with ocular trauma (1)     9.4.8 Glaucomas associated with intraocular tumors (0)     9.4.9 Glaucomas associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure (1)       9.4.10 Glaucomas associated with hemorrhage (1)     9.4.11 Glaucomas following intraocular surgery (0)       9.4.11.1 Ciliary block (malignant) glaucoma (0)       9.4.11.2 Glaucomas in aphakia and pseudophakia (4)       9.4.11.3 Epithelial, fibrous, and endothelial proliferation (0)       9.4.11.4 Glaucomas associated with corneal surgery (0)       9.4.11.5 Glaucomas associated with vitreoretinal surgery (1)     9.4.15 Glaucoma in relation to systemic disease (12)     9.4.20 Other (2) 10 Differential diagnosis e.g. anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (5) 11 Medical treatment (0)   11.1 General management, indication (7)   11.2 Cholinergic drugs (3)   11.3 Adrenergic drugs (0)     11.3.1 Epinephrine (0)     11.3.2 Thymoxamine, dapiprazole (0)     11.3.3 Apraclonidine, brimonidine (6)     11.3.4 Betablocker (4)     11.3.5 Other (0)   11.4 Prostaglandins (12)   11.5 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (3)     11.5.1 Systemic (1)     11.5.2 Topical (2)   11.6 Osmotic treatment (0)   11.7 Treatment of bloodflow (0)   11.8 Neuroprotection (17)   11.9 Gene therapy (0)   11.13 Combination therapy (0)     11.13.1 Betablocker and pilocarpine (0)     11.13.2 Betablocker and carbon anhydrase inhibitor (0)     11.13.3 Betablocker and brimonidine (0)     11.13.4 Betablocker and prostaglandin (2)     11.13.5 Other (2)   11.14 Investigational drugs; pharmacological experiments (21)   11.15 Other drugs in relation to glaucoma (2)   11.16 Vehicles, delivery systems, pharmacokinetics, formulation (7)   11.17 Cooperation with medical therapy e.g. persistency, compliance, adherence (5)   11.20 Other (2) 12 Surgical treatment (0)   12.1 General management, indication (2)   12.2 Laser iridotomy (5)   12.3 Laser iridoplasty (0)   12.4 Laser trabeculoplasty and other laser treatment of the angle (1)   12.7 Surgical iridectomy (0)   12.8 Filtering surgery (1)     12.8.1 Without tube implant (13)     12.8.2 With tube implant or other drainage devices (7)     12.8.3 Non-perforating (7)     12.8.4 Using laser (0)     12.8.5 Other (1)     12.8.10 Woundhealing antifibrosis (11)     12.8.11 Complications, endophthalmitis (3)   12.9 Trabeculotomy, goniotomy (0)   12.10 Cyclodestruction (5)   12.11 Cyclodialysis (1)   12.12 Cataract extraction (0)     12.12.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.12.2 Extracapsular (0)     12.12.3 Phacoemulsification (5)   12.14 Combined cataract extraction and glaucoma surgery (0)     12.14.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.14.2 Extracapsular (1)     12.14.3 Phacoemulsification (6)   12.15 Capsulotomy (0)   12.16 Vitrectomy (0)   12.17 Anesthesia (2)   12.20 Other (1) 13 Therapeutic prognosis and outcome (0)   13.1 Prognostic factors (5)   13.2 Outcome (0)     13.2.1 IOP (1)     13.2.2 Visual field (0)       13.2.2.1 Progression (4)       13.2.2.2 Improvement (0)     13.2.3 Other (0) 14 Costing studies; pharmacoeconomics (5) 15 Miscellaneous (2)

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Abstract #19526 Published in IGR 9-3

Effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection with and without preservative

Maia M; Farah ME; Belfort RN; Penha FM; Lima Filho AA; Aggio FB; Belfort R Jr
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2007; 91: 1122-1124

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AIMS: To evaluate the effects of intravitreal injection of preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide (PFTA) and TA containing preservative (KE). METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 646 intravitreal 4 mg/0.1 ml steroid injections in 471 eyes. A total of 577 intravitreal injections of PFTA and 69 injections of KE were administered in non-randomised eyes. No supernatant removal from KE was performed. Non-infectious endophthalmitis was defined as pseudohypopyon/hypopyon with or without an inflammatory reaction that regressed after steroid eye drop instillation. Ocular hypertension was defined as more than 23 mmHg with Goldman applanation tonometry. Patients were followed and examined 1, 7 and 28 days, and 3, 4, 6 and 12 months after injection and annually thereafter. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test and Χ² test. p Values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Both groups did not differ in demographics (p > 0.05). Follow-up ranged from 6 to 57 months (mean 13, SD 7.5). Ocular hypertension was present in 127 eyes (20%), but both groups did not differ significantly (p = 0.167). Four eyes (3.15%) required trabeculectomy. Non-infectious endophthalmitis developed in 12 eyes (1.9%) and varied significantly in both groups (p = 0.005). One eye developed bacterial endophthalmitis (0.15%). CONCLUSIONS: Non-infectious endophthalmitis was observed significantly more often after KE injections (7.3%) than after PFTA injections (1.2%) (p < 0.05). An inflammatory reaction was more clinically relevant in the KE group than in the PFTA group.

Dr. M. Maia, Vision Institute, Rua Botucatu 822, São Paulo - SP 04023-062, Brazil; maiaretina@uol.com.br

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Classification:

9.4.1 Steroid-induced glaucoma (Part of: 9 Clinical forms of glaucomas > 9.4 Glaucomas associated with other ocular and systemic disorders)

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