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1 General aspects (0)   1.1 Epidemiology (4)   1.2 Population genetics (1)   1.3 Pathogenesis (1)   1.4 Quality of life (7)   1.5 Glaucomas as cause of blindness (1)   1.6 Prevention and screening (11) 2 Anatomical structures in glaucoma (0)   2.1 Conjunctiva (0)   2.2 Cornea (13)   2.3 Sclera (4)   2.4 Anterior chamber angle (3)   2.5 Meshwork (0)     2.5.1 Trabecular meshwork (8)     2.5.2 Schlemms canal (0)     2.5.3 Scleral outlet channels (0)   2.6 Aqueous humor dynamics (0)     2.6.1 Production (1)     2.6.2 Outflow (0)       2.6.2.1 Trabecular meshwork (3)       2.6.2.2 Uveoscleral (1)     2.6.3 Compostion (2)   2.7 Episcleral veins and venous pressure (0)   2.8 Iris (3)   2.9 Ciliary body (3)   2.10 Lens (1)   2.11 Vitreous body (0)   2.12 Choroid, peripapillary choroid, peripapillary atrophy (1)   2.13 Retina and retinal nerve fibre layer (24)   2.14 Optic disc (18)   2.15 Optic nerve (4)   2.16 Chiasma and retrochiasmal central nervous system (0)   2.17 Stem cells (0)   2.20 Other (0) 3 Laboratory methods (0)   3.1 Microscopy (1)   3.2 Electron microscopy (0)   3.3 Immunohistochemistry (5)   3.4 Molecular genetics (0)     3.4.1 Linkage studies (12)     3.4.2 Gene studies (10)   3.5 Molecular biology incl. SiRNA (12)   3.6 Cellular biology (7)   3.7 Biochemistry (2)   3.8 Pharmacology (9)   3.9 Pathophysiology (0)   3.10 Immunobiology (2)   3.11 Pharmacogenetics (0)   3.12 Proteomics (0)   3.13 In vivo imaging (0)     3.13.1 Laser Scanning (0)       3.13.1.1 Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (0)       3.13.1.2 Confocal Scanning Laser Polarimetry (0)     3.13.2 Optical Coherence Tomography (0)       3.13.2.1 Anterior Segment (0)       3.13.2.2 Posterior Segment (1)     3.13.3 RGC Imaging (0)     3.13.4 Other (0)   3.20 Other (0) 4 Tissue culture of ocular cells (0) 5 Experimental glaucoma; animal models (2)   5.1 Rodent (15)   5.2 Primates (5)   5.3 Other (9) 6 Clinical examination methods (0)   6.1 Intraocular pressure measurement; factors affecting IOP (0)     6.1.1 Devices, techniques (7)     6.1.2 Fluctuation, circadian rhythms (4)     6.1.3 Factors affecting IOP (8)   6.2 Tonography, aqueous flow measurement (see also 2.6) (0)   6.3 Biomicroscopy (slitlamp) (0)     6.3.1 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    9.4.1 Steroid-induced glaucoma (9)     9.4.2 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera (0)       9.4.2.1 Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE, incl. irisatrophy) (0)       9.4.2.2 Posterior polymorphous dystrophy (0)       9.4.2.3 Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (0)       9.4.2.5 Other (3)     9.4.3 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the iris and ciliary body (0)       9.4.3.1 Pigmentary glaucoma (1)       9.4.3.5 Other (0)     9.4.4 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the lens (0)       9.4.4.1 Exfoliation syndrome (10)       9.4.4.2 Glaucomas associated with cataracts (1)       9.4.4.3 Glaucomas associated with lens dislocation (1)       9.4.4.5 Other (0)     9.4.5 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the retina, choroid and vitreous (0)       9.4.5.1 Neovascular glaucoma (7)       9.4.5.5 Other (3)     9.4.6 Glaucomas associated with inflammation, uveitis (4)     9.4.7 Glaucomas associated with ocular trauma (1)     9.4.8 Glaucomas associated with intraocular tumors (0)     9.4.9 Glaucomas associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure (1)       9.4.10 Glaucomas associated with hemorrhage (1)     9.4.11 Glaucomas following intraocular surgery (0)       9.4.11.1 Ciliary block (malignant) glaucoma (0)       9.4.11.2 Glaucomas in aphakia and pseudophakia (4)       9.4.11.3 Epithelial, fibrous, and endothelial proliferation (0)       9.4.11.4 Glaucomas associated with corneal surgery (0)       9.4.11.5 Glaucomas associated with vitreoretinal surgery (1)     9.4.15 Glaucoma in relation to systemic disease (12)     9.4.20 Other (2) 10 Differential diagnosis e.g. anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (5) 11 Medical treatment (0)   11.1 General management, indication (7)   11.2 Cholinergic drugs (3)   11.3 Adrenergic drugs (0)     11.3.1 Epinephrine (0)     11.3.2 Thymoxamine, dapiprazole (0)     11.3.3 Apraclonidine, brimonidine (6)     11.3.4 Betablocker (4)     11.3.5 Other (0)   11.4 Prostaglandins (12)   11.5 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (3)     11.5.1 Systemic (1)     11.5.2 Topical (2)   11.6 Osmotic treatment (0)   11.7 Treatment of bloodflow (0)   11.8 Neuroprotection (17)   11.9 Gene therapy (0)   11.13 Combination therapy (0)     11.13.1 Betablocker and pilocarpine (0)     11.13.2 Betablocker and carbon anhydrase inhibitor (0)     11.13.3 Betablocker and brimonidine (0)     11.13.4 Betablocker and prostaglandin (2)     11.13.5 Other (2)   11.14 Investigational drugs; pharmacological experiments (21)   11.15 Other drugs in relation to glaucoma (2)   11.16 Vehicles, delivery systems, pharmacokinetics, formulation (7)   11.17 Cooperation with medical therapy e.g. persistency, compliance, adherence (5)   11.20 Other (2) 12 Surgical treatment (0)   12.1 General management, indication (2)   12.2 Laser iridotomy (5)   12.3 Laser iridoplasty (0)   12.4 Laser trabeculoplasty and other laser treatment of the angle (1)   12.7 Surgical iridectomy (0)   12.8 Filtering surgery (1)     12.8.1 Without tube implant (13)     12.8.2 With tube implant or other drainage devices (7)     12.8.3 Non-perforating (7)     12.8.4 Using laser (0)     12.8.5 Other (1)     12.8.10 Woundhealing antifibrosis (11)     12.8.11 Complications, endophthalmitis (3)   12.9 Trabeculotomy, goniotomy (0)   12.10 Cyclodestruction (5)   12.11 Cyclodialysis (1)   12.12 Cataract extraction (0)     12.12.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.12.2 Extracapsular (0)     12.12.3 Phacoemulsification (5)   12.14 Combined cataract extraction and glaucoma surgery (0)     12.14.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.14.2 Extracapsular (1)     12.14.3 Phacoemulsification (6)   12.15 Capsulotomy (0)   12.16 Vitrectomy (0)   12.17 Anesthesia (2)   12.20 Other (1) 13 Therapeutic prognosis and outcome (0)   13.1 Prognostic factors (5)   13.2 Outcome (0)     13.2.1 IOP (1)     13.2.2 Visual field (0)       13.2.2.1 Progression (4)       13.2.2.2 Improvement (0)     13.2.3 Other (0) 14 Costing studies; pharmacoeconomics (5) 15 Miscellaneous (2)

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Abstract #19597 Published in IGR 9-3

Rodent models for glaucoma retinopathy and optic neuropathy

Pang IH; Clark AF
Journal of Glaucoma 2007; 16: 483-505

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Animal models are useful to elucidate the etiology and pathology of glaucoma and to develop novel and more effective therapies for the disease. Because of the substantial similarities between the rodent and primate eyes, and the advances of relevant study techniques, rat and mouse models of glaucoma have recently become popular as research tools. This review surveys research techniques used in the measurement of rodent intraocular pressure, and also the evaluation of pertinent morphologic, biochemical, and functional changes in the retina, optic nerve head, and optic nerve. This review further describes in detail the individual rodent models, some of which serve as surrogate models and do not entail ocular hypertension, whereas others involve transient or chronic increases of intraocular pressure. The technical considerations and theoretical concerns of these models, their advantages, and limitations, are also discussed.

Dr. I.H. Pang, Glaucoma Research, Alcon Research, Ltd, Fort Worth, TX, USA. iok-hou.pang@alconlabs.com

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Classification:

5.1 Rodent (Part of: 5 Experimental glaucoma; animal models)

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