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1 General aspects (0)   1.1 Epidemiology (20)   1.2 Population genetics (3)   1.3 Pathogenesis (0)   1.4 Quality of life (7)   1.5 Glaucomas as cause of blindness (8)   1.6 Prevention and screening (8) 2 Anatomical structures in glaucoma (0)   2.1 Conjunctiva (8)   2.2 Cornea (27)   2.3 Sclera (2)   2.4 Anterior chamber angle (2)   2.5 Meshwork (0)     2.5.1 Trabecular meshwork (8)     2.5.2 Schlemms canal (3)     2.5.3 Scleral outlet channels (0)   2.6 Aqueous humor dynamics (0)     2.6.1 Production (2)     2.6.2 Outflow (1)       2.6.2.1 Trabecular meshwork (5)       2.6.2.2 Uveoscleral (0)     2.6.3 Compostion (8)   2.7 Episcleral veins and venous pressure (0)   2.8 Iris (4)   2.9 Ciliary body (1)   2.10 Lens (1)   2.11 Vitreous body (1)   2.12 Choroid, peripapillary choroid, peripapillary atrophy (3)   2.13 Retina and retinal nerve fibre layer (22)   2.14 Optic disc (22)   2.15 Optic nerve (1)   2.16 Chiasma and retrochiasmal central nervous system (4)   2.17 Stem cells (2)   2.20 Other (0) 3 Laboratory methods (0)   3.1 Microscopy (2)   3.2 Electron microscopy (2)   3.3 Immunohistochemistry (5)   3.4 Molecular genetics (0)     3.4.1 Linkage studies (1)     3.4.2 Gene studies (36)   3.5 Molecular biology incl. 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disorders (0)     9.4.1 Steroid-induced glaucoma (5)     9.4.2 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera (0)       9.4.2.1 Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE, incl. irisatrophy) (0)       9.4.2.2 Posterior polymorphous dystrophy (0)       9.4.2.3 Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (0)       9.4.2.5 Other (0)     9.4.3 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the iris and ciliary body (0)       9.4.3.1 Pigmentary glaucoma (2)       9.4.3.5 Other (0)     9.4.4 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the lens (0)       9.4.4.1 Exfoliation syndrome (14)       9.4.4.2 Glaucomas associated with cataracts (4)       9.4.4.3 Glaucomas associated with lens dislocation (0)       9.4.4.5 Other (4)     9.4.5 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the retina, choroid and vitreous (0)       9.4.5.1 Neovascular glaucoma (7)       9.4.5.5 Other (1)     9.4.6 Glaucomas associated with inflammation, uveitis (6)     9.4.7 Glaucomas associated with ocular trauma (0)     9.4.8 Glaucomas associated with intraocular tumors (1)     9.4.9 Glaucomas associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure (1)       9.4.10 Glaucomas associated with hemorrhage (2)     9.4.11 Glaucomas following intraocular surgery (0)       9.4.11.1 Ciliary block (malignant) glaucoma (4)       9.4.11.2 Glaucomas in aphakia and pseudophakia (6)       9.4.11.3 Epithelial, fibrous, and endothelial proliferation (0)       9.4.11.4 Glaucomas associated with corneal surgery (6)       9.4.11.5 Glaucomas associated with vitreoretinal surgery (4)     9.4.15 Glaucoma in relation to systemic disease (24)     9.4.20 Other (1) 10 Differential diagnosis e.g. anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (6) 11 Medical treatment (0)   11.1 General management, indication (2)   11.2 Cholinergic drugs (0)   11.3 Adrenergic drugs (0)     11.3.1 Epinephrine (0)     11.3.2 Thymoxamine, dapiprazole (0)     11.3.3 Apraclonidine, brimonidine (4)     11.3.4 Betablocker (7)     11.3.5 Other (0)   11.4 Prostaglandins (19)   11.5 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (0)     11.5.1 Systemic (1)     11.5.2 Topical (7)   11.6 Osmotic treatment (0)   11.7 Treatment of bloodflow (1)   11.8 Neuroprotection (43)   11.9 Gene therapy (1)   11.13 Combination therapy (0)     11.13.1 Betablocker and pilocarpine (0)     11.13.2 Betablocker and carbon anhydrase inhibitor (6)     11.13.3 Betablocker and brimonidine (1)     11.13.4 Betablocker and prostaglandin (6)     11.13.5 Other (0)   11.14 Investigational drugs; pharmacological experiments (20)   11.15 Other drugs in relation to glaucoma (13)   11.16 Vehicles, delivery systems, pharmacokinetics, formulation (23)   11.17 Cooperation with medical therapy e.g. persistency, compliance, adherence (8)   11.20 Other (3) 12 Surgical treatment (0)   12.1 General management, indication (2)   12.2 Laser iridotomy (3)   12.3 Laser iridoplasty (0)   12.4 Laser trabeculoplasty and other laser treatment of the angle (8)   12.7 Surgical iridectomy (1)   12.8 Filtering surgery (0)     12.8.1 Without tube implant (20)     12.8.2 With tube implant or other drainage devices (26)     12.8.3 Non-perforating (10)     12.8.4 Using laser (0)     12.8.5 Other (0)     12.8.10 Woundhealing antifibrosis (26)     12.8.11 Complications, endophthalmitis (5)   12.9 Trabeculotomy, goniotomy (0)   12.10 Cyclodestruction (7)   12.11 Cyclodialysis (0)   12.12 Cataract extraction (0)     12.12.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.12.2 Extracapsular (1)     12.12.3 Phacoemulsification (7)   12.14 Combined cataract extraction and glaucoma surgery (0)     12.14.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.14.2 Extracapsular (1)     12.14.3 Phacoemulsification (5)   12.15 Capsulotomy (0)   12.16 Vitrectomy (1)   12.17 Anesthesia (4)   12.20 Other (3) 13 Therapeutic prognosis and outcome (0)   13.1 Prognostic factors (0)   13.2 Outcome (0)     13.2.1 IOP (0)     13.2.2 Visual field (0)       13.2.2.1 Progression (2)       13.2.2.2 Improvement (1)     13.2.3 Other (0) 14 Costing studies; pharmacoeconomics (6) 15 Miscellaneous (25)

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Abstract #27371 Published in IGR 12-4

Obstructive sleep apnea and ocular disorders

Grover DP
Current Opinions in Ophthalmology 2010; 21: 454-458

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Purpose of review: Obstructive sleep apnea is a diagnosis that ophthalmologists can screen for when a patient presents with certain risk factors. Recent literature provides strong data for associations between sleep apnea and ocular disorders. Recent findings: A potentially serious disorder, sleep apnea can lead to many systemic and ocular complications. Recent findings provide data on the prevalence of sleep apnea with various disorders. Adequate treatment of sleep apnea has also shown to reverse both systemic and eye-related complications. Summary: Early diagnosis and management of sleep apnea is critical for reducing the risk of devastating systemic complications and preserving ocular and visual function. Further longitudinal data are needed to see the effectivity of long-term management of sleep apnea and its impact on reversing associated complications. (copyright) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

D. P. Grover. Neuro-Ophthalmologic Associates, PC, Wills Eye Institute, 840 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States. DeepakPGrover@gmail.com

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Classification:

9.4.15 Glaucoma in relation to systemic disease (Part of: 9 Clinical forms of glaucomas > 9.4 Glaucomas associated with other ocular and systemic disorders)

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