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BACKGROUND: There are different etiologies related to glaucoma, with the involvement of different systems in the origin and development of the disease. METHODS: We performed a literature review. RESULTS: The data is divided, with an emphasis on five main topics: systemic disease, neurodegenerative disease, genetic disease, immunological disease, and aging of the trabecular meshwork. Older and recent important findings of each subject are reported to establish a relationship with glaucoma, and mention is made of some of the current research lines. CONCLUSION: Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease with complex interaction of events at various levels of the organism. Study of the etiology should guide the search for new therapies.
Departamento de Glaucoma, Instituto de Oftalmología «Conde de Valenciana», México, D.F.
1.3 Pathogenesis (Part of: 1 General aspects)