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1 General aspects (0)   1.1 Epidemiology (9)   1.2 Population genetics (1)   1.3 Pathogenesis (0)   1.4 Quality of life (11)   1.5 Glaucomas as cause of blindness (11)   1.6 Prevention and screening (13) 2 Anatomical structures in glaucoma (0)   2.1 Conjunctiva (2)   2.2 Cornea (14)   2.3 Sclera (8)   2.4 Anterior chamber angle (3)   2.5 Meshwork (0)     2.5.1 Trabecular meshwork (6)     2.5.2 Schlemms canal (3)     2.5.3 Scleral outlet channels (1)   2.6 Aqueous humor dynamics (0)     2.6.1 Production (0)     2.6.2 Outflow (1)       2.6.2.1 Trabecular meshwork (3)       2.6.2.2 Uveoscleral (0)     2.6.3 Compostion (1)   2.7 Episcleral veins and venous pressure (0)   2.8 Iris (6)   2.9 Ciliary body (0)   2.10 Lens (0)   2.11 Vitreous body (1)   2.12 Choroid, peripapillary choroid, peripapillary atrophy (2)   2.13 Retina and retinal nerve fibre layer (21)   2.14 Optic disc (20)   2.15 Optic nerve (4)   2.16 Chiasma and retrochiasmal central nervous system (4)   2.17 Stem cells (3)   2.20 Other (0) 3 Laboratory methods (0)   3.1 Microscopy (0)   3.2 Electron microscopy (1)   3.3 Immunohistochemistry (0)   3.4 Molecular genetics (0)     3.4.1 Linkage studies (1)     3.4.2 Gene studies (14)   3.5 Molecular biology incl. SiRNA (10)   3.6 Cellular biology (23)   3.7 Biochemistry (6)   3.8 Pharmacology (12)   3.9 Pathophysiology (9)   3.10 Immunobiology (6)   3.11 Pharmacogenetics (0)   3.12 Proteomics (0)   3.13 In vivo imaging (0)     3.13.1 Laser Scanning (0)       3.13.1.1 Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (0)       3.13.1.2 Confocal Scanning Laser Polarimetry (0)     3.13.2 Optical Coherence Tomography (0)       3.13.2.1 Anterior Segment (0)       3.13.2.2 Posterior Segment (0)     3.13.3 RGC Imaging (1)     3.13.4 Other (0)   3.20 Other (1) 4 Tissue culture of ocular cells (0) 5 Experimental glaucoma; animal models (0)   5.1 Rodent (12)   5.2 Primates (2)   5.3 Other (8) 6 Clinical examination methods (0)   6.1 Intraocular pressure measurement; factors affecting IOP (1)     6.1.1 Devices, techniques (13)     6.1.2 Fluctuation, circadian rhythms (8)     6.1.3 Factors affecting IOP (15)   6.2 Tonography, aqueous flow measurement (see also 2.6) (1)   6.3 Biomicroscopy (slitlamp) (0)     6.3.1 Anterior segment (1)     6.3.2 Posterior segment (0)   6.4 Gonioscopy (0)   6.5 Ophthalmoscopy (0)   6.6 Visual field examination and other visual function tests (0)     6.6.1 Conventional manual (0)     6.6.2 Automated (20)     6.6.3 Special methods (e.g. color, contrast, SWAP etc.) (14)   6.7 Electro-ophthalmodiagnosis (7)   6.8 Photography (0)     6.8.1 Anterior segment (1)     6.8.2 Posterior segment (5)   6.9 Computerized image analysis (0)     6.9.1 Laser scanning (0)       6.9.1.1 Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (8)       6.9.1.2 Confocal Scanning Laser Polarimetry (2)     6.9.2 Optical coherence tomography (0)       6.9.2.1 Anterior (10)       6.9.2.2 Posterior (34)     6.9.5 Other (6)   6.10 Fluorescein (ICG) angiography (0)     6.10.1 Anterior segment (0)     6.10.2 Posterior segment (0)   6.11 Bloodflow measurements (14)   6.12 Ultrasonography and ultrasound biomicroscopy (4)   6.13 Provocative tests (5)   6.19 Telemedicine (1)   6.20 Progression (12)   6.30 Other (9) 8 Refractive errors in relation to glaucoma (0)   8.1 Myopia (9)   8.2 Hypermetropia (0)   8.3 Contact lenses (0)   8.4 Refractive surgical procedures (0)   8.5 Other (0) 9 Clinical forms of glaucomas (0)   9.1 Developmental glaucomas (0)     9.1.1 Congenital glaucoma, Buphthalmos (8)     9.1.2 Juvenile glaucoma (10)     9.1.3 Syndromes of Axenfeld, Rieger, Peters, aniridia (2)     9.1.4 Other (1)   9.2 Primary open angle glaucomas (0)     9.2.1 Ocular hypertension (3)     9.2.2 Other risk factors for glaucoma (8)     9.2.3 Open angle glaucoma with elevated IOP (0)     9.2.4 Normal pressure glaucoma (12)   9.3 Primary angle closure glaucomas (0)     9.3.1 Acute primary angle closure glaucoma (pupillary block) (9)     9.3.2 Chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (pupillary block) (4)     9.3.3 Plateau iris syndrome (0)     9.3.4 Primary angle closure suspect (0)     9.3.5 Primary angle closure (4)     9.3.10 Other (0)   9.4 Glaucomas associated with other ocular and systemic disorders 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associated with intraocular tumors (5)     9.4.9 Glaucomas associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure (1)       9.4.10 Glaucomas associated with hemorrhage (4)     9.4.11 Glaucomas following intraocular surgery (2)       9.4.11.1 Ciliary block (malignant) glaucoma (1)       9.4.11.2 Glaucomas in aphakia and pseudophakia (6)       9.4.11.3 Epithelial, fibrous, and endothelial proliferation (0)       9.4.11.4 Glaucomas associated with corneal surgery (8)       9.4.11.5 Glaucomas associated with vitreoretinal surgery (2)     9.4.15 Glaucoma in relation to systemic disease (21)     9.4.20 Other (2) 10 Differential diagnosis e.g. anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (1) 11 Medical treatment (0)   11.1 General management, indication (9)   11.2 Cholinergic drugs (1)   11.3 Adrenergic drugs (0)     11.3.1 Epinephrine (0)     11.3.2 Thymoxamine, dapiprazole (0)     11.3.3 Apraclonidine, brimonidine (0)     11.3.4 Betablocker (3)     11.3.5 Other (0)   11.4 Prostaglandins 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    12.8.1 Without tube implant (22)     12.8.2 With tube implant or other drainage devices (25)     12.8.3 Non-perforating (4)     12.8.4 Using laser (0)     12.8.5 Other (1)     12.8.10 Woundhealing antifibrosis (15)     12.8.11 Complications, endophthalmitis (7)   12.9 Trabeculotomy, goniotomy (10)   12.10 Cyclodestruction (5)   12.11 Cyclodialysis (0)   12.12 Cataract extraction (0)     12.12.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.12.2 Extracapsular (0)     12.12.3 Phacoemulsification (7)   12.14 Combined cataract extraction and glaucoma surgery (0)     12.14.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.14.2 Extracapsular (0)     12.14.3 Phacoemulsification (6)   12.15 Capsulotomy (0)   12.16 Vitrectomy (5)   12.17 Anesthesia (2)   12.20 Other (2) 13 Therapeutic prognosis and outcome (0)   13.1 Prognostic factors (1)   13.2 Outcome (0)     13.2.1 IOP (1)     13.2.2 Visual field (0)       13.2.2.1 Progression (0)       13.2.2.2 Improvement (0)     13.2.3 Other (0) 14 Costing studies; pharmacoeconomics (5) 15 Miscellaneous (27)

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Abstract #66413 Published in IGR 17-3

Aging Changes in Retinal Microglia and their Relevance to Age-related Retinal Disease

Ma W; Wong WT
Adv Exp Med Biol 2016; 854: 73-78

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Age-related retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma, contain features of chronic retinal inflammation that may promote disease progression. However, the relationship between aging and neuroinflammation is unclear. Microglia are long-lived, resident immune cells of the retina, and mediate local neuroinflammatory reactions. We hypothesize that aging changes in microglia may be causally linked to neuroinflammatory changes underlying age-dependent retinal diseases. Here, we review the evidence for (1) how the retinal microglial phenotype changes with aging, (2) the factors that drive microglial aging in the retina, and (3) aging-related changes in microglial gene expression. We examine how these aspects of microglial aging changes may relate to pathogenic mechanisms of immune dysregulation driving the progression of age-related retinal disease. These relationships can highlight microglial aging as a novel target for the prevention and treatment of retinal disease.

Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Diseases, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, 6/125, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Full article

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Classification:

3.9 Pathophysiology (Part of: 3 Laboratory methods)
3.10 Immunobiology (Part of: 3 Laboratory methods)

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