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This review article discusses the advances made in the last decade with respect to clinical detection of early glaucoma by examination of the optic nerve head. The key to identification of abnormality is a good understanding of the variation found in normal discs, with the ISNT rule aiding in this process. Examination techniques using slitlamp biomicroscopy to assess the size and contours of the nerve head lead on to an outline of the key features of the four subtypes of glaucoma discs now recognised; diffuse excavation, focal ischaemic, myopic and senile sclerotic. Signs of glaucoma in small discs and a brief description of nerve fibre layer defects and their detection complete the review.
Dr S.A. Vernon, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
2.14 Optic disc (Part of: 2 Anatomical structures in glaucoma)