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1 General aspects (0)   1.1 Epidemiology (5)   1.2 Population genetics (17)   1.3 Pathogenesis (14)   1.4 Quality of life (3)   1.5 Glaucomas as cause of blindness (3)   1.6 Prevention and screening (0) 2 Anatomical structures in glaucoma (0)   2.1 Conjunctiva (1)   2.2 Cornea (1)   2.3 Sclera (0)   2.4 Anterior chamber angle (1)   2.5 Meshwork (1)     2.5.1 Trabecular meshwork (0)     2.5.2 Schlemms canal (0)     2.5.3 Scleral outlet channels (0)   2.6 Aqueous humor dynamics (3)     2.6.1 Production (0)     2.6.2 Outflow (0)       2.6.2.1 Trabecular meshwork (0)       2.6.2.2 Uveoscleral (0)     2.6.3 Compostion (0)   2.7 Episcleral veins and venous pressure (1)   2.8 Iris (0)   2.9 Ciliary body (2)   2.10 Lens (0)   2.11 Vitreous body (0)   2.12 Choroid, peripapillary choroid, peripapillary atrophy (1)   2.13 Retina and retinal nerve fibre layer (13)   2.14 Optic disc (8)   2.15 Optic nerve (0)   2.16 Chiasma and retrochiasmal central nervous system (0)   2.17 Stem cells (0)   2.20 Other (0) 3 Laboratory methods (0)   3.1 Microscopy (0)   3.2 Electron microscopy (1)   3.3 Immunohistochemistry (3)   3.4 Molecular genetics (0)     3.4.1 Linkage studies (0)     3.4.2 Gene studies (0)   3.5 Molecular biology incl. SiRNA (0)   3.6 Cellular biology (0)   3.7 Biochemistry (0)   3.8 Pharmacology (0)   3.9 Pathophysiology (0)   3.10 Immunobiology (0)   3.11 Pharmacogenetics (0)   3.12 Proteomics (0)   3.13 In vivo imaging (0)     3.13.1 Laser Scanning (0)       3.13.1.1 Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (0)       3.13.1.2 Confocal Scanning Laser Polarimetry (0)     3.13.2 Optical Coherence Tomography (0)       3.13.2.1 Anterior Segment (0)       3.13.2.2 Posterior Segment (0)     3.13.3 RGC Imaging (0)     3.13.4 Other (0)   3.20 Other (0) 4 Tissue culture of ocular cells (0) 5 Experimental glaucoma; animal models (0)   5.1 Rodent (0)   5.2 Primates (0)   5.3 Other (0) 6 Clinical examination methods (0)   6.1 Intraocular pressure measurement; factors affecting IOP (7)     6.1.1 Devices, techniques (0)     6.1.2 Fluctuation, circadian rhythms (0)     6.1.3 Factors affecting IOP (0)   6.2 Tonography, aqueous flow measurement (see also 2.6) (0)   6.3 Biomicroscopy (slitlamp) (0)     6.3.1 Anterior segment (0)     6.3.2 Posterior segment (8)   6.4 Gonioscopy (0)   6.5 Ophthalmoscopy (0)   6.6 Visual field examination and other visual function tests (0)     6.6.1 Conventional manual (0)     6.6.2 Automated (0)     6.6.3 Special methods (e.g. color, contrast, SWAP etc.) (12)   6.7 Electro-ophthalmodiagnosis (3)   6.8 Photography (0)     6.8.1 Anterior segment (0)     6.8.2 Posterior segment (14)   6.9 Computerized image analysis (0)     6.9.1 Laser scanning (0)       6.9.1.1 Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (0)       6.9.1.2 Confocal Scanning Laser Polarimetry (0)     6.9.2 Optical coherence tomography (0)       6.9.2.1 Anterior (0)       6.9.2.2 Posterior (0)     6.9.5 Other (0)   6.10 Fluorescein (ICG) angiography (0)     6.10.1 Anterior segment (0)     6.10.2 Posterior segment (0)   6.11 Bloodflow measurements (0)   6.12 Ultrasonography and ultrasound biomicroscopy (3)   6.13 Provocative tests (0)   6.19 Telemedicine (0)   6.20 Progression (1)   6.30 Other (0) 8 Refractive errors in relation to glaucoma (0)   8.1 Myopia (2)   8.2 Hypermetropia (0)   8.3 Contact lenses (0)   8.4 Refractive surgical procedures (1)   8.5 Other (0) 9 Clinical forms of glaucomas (0)   9.1 Developmental glaucomas (3)     9.1.1 Congenital glaucoma, Buphthalmos (4)     9.1.2 Juvenile glaucoma (0)     9.1.3 Syndromes of Axenfeld, Rieger, Peters, aniridia (1)     9.1.4 Other (0)   9.2 Primary open angle glaucomas (0)     9.2.1 Ocular hypertension (0)     9.2.2 Other risk factors for glaucoma (8)     9.2.3 Open angle glaucoma with elevated IOP (0)     9.2.4 Normal pressure glaucoma (3)   9.3 Primary angle closure glaucomas (0)     9.3.1 Acute primary angle closure glaucoma (pupillary block) (6)     9.3.2 Chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (pupillary block) (0)     9.3.3 Plateau iris syndrome (0)     9.3.4 Primary angle closure suspect (0)     9.3.5 Primary angle closure (0)     9.3.10 Other (0)   9.4 Glaucomas associated with other ocular and systemic disorders (0)     9.4.1 Steroid-induced glaucoma (2)     9.4.2 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera (0)       9.4.2.1 Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE, incl. irisatrophy) (1)       9.4.2.2 Posterior polymorphous dystrophy (0)       9.4.2.3 Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (0)       9.4.2.5 Other (0)     9.4.3 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the iris and ciliary body (0)       9.4.3.1 Pigmentary glaucoma (1)       9.4.3.5 Other (0)     9.4.4 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the lens (0)       9.4.4.1 Exfoliation syndrome (6)       9.4.4.2 Glaucomas associated with cataracts (0)       9.4.4.3 Glaucomas associated with lens dislocation (0)       9.4.4.5 Other (0)     9.4.5 Glaucomas associated with disorders of the retina, choroid and vitreous (0)       9.4.5.1 Neovascular glaucoma (2)       9.4.5.5 Other (0)     9.4.6 Glaucomas associated with inflammation, uveitis (3)     9.4.7 Glaucomas associated with ocular trauma (1)     9.4.8 Glaucomas associated with intraocular tumors (1)     9.4.9 Glaucomas associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure (1)       9.4.10 Glaucomas associated with hemorrhage (0)     9.4.11 Glaucomas following intraocular surgery (0)       9.4.11.1 Ciliary block (malignant) glaucoma (0)       9.4.11.2 Glaucomas in aphakia and pseudophakia (1)       9.4.11.3 Epithelial, fibrous, and endothelial proliferation (0)       9.4.11.4 Glaucomas associated with corneal surgery (4)       9.4.11.5 Glaucomas associated with vitreoretinal surgery (3)     9.4.15 Glaucoma in relation to systemic disease (7)     9.4.20 Other (0) 10 Differential diagnosis e.g. anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (5) 11 Medical treatment (0)   11.1 General management, indication (6)   11.2 Cholinergic drugs (2)   11.3 Adrenergic drugs (0)     11.3.1 Epinephrine (0)     11.3.2 Thymoxamine, dapiprazole (0)     11.3.3 Apraclonidine, brimonidine (6)     11.3.4 Betablocker (10)     11.3.5 Other (0)   11.4 Prostaglandins (22)   11.5 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (0)     11.5.1 Systemic (1)     11.5.2 Topical (5)   11.6 Osmotic treatment (0)   11.7 Treatment of bloodflow (1)   11.8 Neuroprotection (4)   11.9 Gene therapy (1)   11.13 Combination therapy (0)     11.13.1 Betablocker and pilocarpine (0)     11.13.2 Betablocker and carbon anhydrase inhibitor (0)     11.13.3 Betablocker and brimonidine (0)     11.13.4 Betablocker and prostaglandin (0)     11.13.5 Other (0)   11.14 Investigational drugs; pharmacological experiments (4)   11.15 Other drugs in relation to glaucoma (0)   11.16 Vehicles, delivery systems, pharmacokinetics, formulation (2)   11.17 Cooperation with medical therapy e.g. persistency, compliance, adherence (0)   11.20 Other (0) 12 Surgical treatment (0)   12.1 General management, indication (1)   12.2 Laser iridotomy (0)   12.3 Laser iridoplasty (1)   12.4 Laser trabeculoplasty and other laser treatment of the angle (0)   12.7 Surgical iridectomy (0)   12.8 Filtering surgery (0)     12.8.1 Without tube implant (7)     12.8.2 With tube implant or other drainage devices (9)     12.8.3 Non-perforating (13)     12.8.4 Using laser (0)     12.8.5 Other (0)     12.8.10 Woundhealing antifibrosis (6)     12.8.11 Complications, endophthalmitis (7)   12.9 Trabeculotomy, goniotomy (3)   12.10 Cyclodestruction (8)   12.11 Cyclodialysis (0)   12.12 Cataract extraction (0)     12.12.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.12.2 Extracapsular (0)     12.12.3 Phacoemulsification (13)   12.14 Combined cataract extraction and glaucoma surgery (0)     12.14.1 Intracapsular (0)     12.14.2 Extracapsular (0)     12.14.3 Phacoemulsification (5)   12.15 Capsulotomy (1)   12.16 Vitrectomy (0)   12.17 Anesthesia (1)   12.20 Other (0) 13 Therapeutic prognosis and outcome (0)   13.1 Prognostic factors (0)   13.2 Outcome (0)     13.2.1 IOP (0)     13.2.2 Visual field (0)       13.2.2.1 Progression (0)       13.2.2.2 Improvement (0)     13.2.3 Other (0) 14 Costing studies; pharmacoeconomics (1) 15 Miscellaneous (6)

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Abstract #19135 Published in IGR 3-1

The pros and cons of different prostanoids in the medical management of glaucoma

Susanna R Jr; Medeiros FA
Current Opinions in Ophthalmology 2001; 12: 149-156

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The prostaglandin analogues are new exciting drugs to be added to the therapeutic armamentarium for patients with glaucoma. Several studies have evaluated the ocular hypotensive properties and side-effects of latanoprost in different forms of glaucoma. This drug seems to be the most effective intraocular pressure (IOP)-reducing agent currently available, and has a low incidence of ocular and systemic side-effects. Fewer data are available regarding unoprostone, but the IOP-reducing effect of this drug seems to be comparable or slightly inferior to that of timolol, and it produces fewer side-effects. When compared with unoprostone, latanoprost has been shown to effect a greater reduction in IOP. A major drawback to the use of prostaglandin analogues is the lack of long-term experience, such as that currently available for other classes of agents.

Dr R Susanna Jr, Glaucoma Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Classification:

11.4 Prostaglandins (Part of: 11 Medical treatment)

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