Top-Nine in glaucoma from the XIth National Congress of the Chinese Ophthalmological Society

August 31-September 4, 2006, Beijing, China

Ningli Wang and Lan Wang

• An ultrasound biomicroscopy study on fellow eyes of acute PACG and early stage of chronic PACG found that the trabecular iris angle was wider in acute PACG than in chronic PACG; the trabecular ciliary body distance was more in acute PACG than in chronic PACG; anterior chamber depth, thickness of iris and pupil diameter were less in acute PACG than in chronic PACG. It infers that the difference of anterior segment structure is the basis of different mechanisms of acute PACG and chronic PACG.
• Cup and rim of the optic nerve head reversed after IOP reduction in both POAG and PACG. When comparing the reversal between POAG and PACG, no difference was found. One of the major parameters - change of cup depth - may stand for lamina cribrosa indirectly. The change of cup depth after IOP reduction is similar in POAG and PACG. It indicates that lamina cribrosa compliance of PACG and POAG may not be different.
• Pro370Leu mutant myocilin downregulates the ER stress response of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells by attenuating the induction of GRP78, a central regulator for ER stress signaling. Furthermore, Pro370Leu mutant myocilin has been found to disturb the ER stress response by decreasing the activation of the phosphorylation of eIF2a, which plays a crucial role in inhibiting protein synthesis. These findings suggest Pro370Leu mutant myocilin could increase cellular vulnerability to various injuries by disturbing the ER stress response through a gain-of-function, and then lead to the dysfunction of HTM cells.
• Mammalian eyes modulate not only the visual functions, but also the non-visual functions like circadian rhythm. Melanopsin-
  containing retinal ganglion cells (mcRGC) projecting to the suprachiasmatic nucleus are sensitive to light It is believed that mcRGCs are the photoreceptors of the non-visual pathway. The main function of mcRGC is to regulate the circadian rhythm and pupillary light reflex. In the Wistar Rat, chronic intraocoular pressure elevation can cause mcRGCs loss as it does to the RGCs projecting to the supracollicus. The survival rate of mcRGCs is similar to RGCs. This result suggests that glaucoma can also damage the non-visual pathway.
• With SSCP screening, the single strand band abnormality was found in the exon 10 of OPTN gene in one of two POAG families from northeast China. The sequence showed all had a 'AAA' to 'GAA' transition at amino acid Lys322Glu. The base sequence of author 3 exons (the exon 4,9 12) had no changes in the POAG family. This study showed the specific importance of Lys322Glu in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant POAG in this Chinese family.
• Study on IL-1 stimulated organ cultured porcine trabecular meshwork tissue showed that IL-1 can induce the expression of ndothelial leukocyte-adhesion molecule-1(ELAM-1). The expressed ELAM-1 on trabecular meshwork tissue interacted with ELAM-1 antibodies with/without cross linking with IgG, can cause cellular loss and extracellular matrix degradation, resulting in the intercellular spaces change.
• In rats unilateral ON injury induces bilateral glial reactions in the retina and bilateral neuronal responses at the LGN irrelevant to injured ON innervations. It is advisable to maintain caution in the use of the contralateral retina as a control tissue in eye experiments.
• Nogo-66 vaccine is effective in preventing RGCs loss and preserving the function of retinal neuron. Nogo-66 protein as a vaccination may stimulates a T-cell-mediated protective autoimmunity and increased level of serum antibody in the body. It may offer a new strategy for the treatment of glaucoma.
• Unilateral optic nerve transection up-regulate heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 expression in lateral geniculate nucleus of rats. This indicates that increased expression of Hsp70 may be involved in protecting neurons within LGN against damage or loss induced by unilateral optic nerve transection at early stage.

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