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Top-ten in Glaucoma section 15^th Congress of Chinese Ophthalmological Society
Beijing, P.R China, September 16-20, 2010

Jian Ge

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1. The prevalence of PAC (1.5%) and PACG (0.5%) in the Chinese rural population (Handan Eye Study) is similar to what has been reported previously in urban Chinese residents and two thirds of them were suffering from blindness in at least one eye. The prevalence of POAG (0.98%) in this rural population was higher than PACG and about eighty percent of Chinese persons with POAG were NTG. Ningli Wang, et al. Beijing.
2. Genome-wide gene chips, real-time PCR and protein quantitative analysis were used to investigate the signal transduction, transcription regulation and metabolic activity of astrocytes in the optic nerve head of chronic ocular hypertension rats and analyzed the changes of cytokines which are closely interrelated to cell adhesion、migration, ECM protein and cell oxidative stress. Changes of related transcription factors, signal transduction proteins and genes that modulate astrocytes migration and activation were found providing important data for further elucidation of the modulation mechanisms of astrocytes participating in glaucomatous neuropathy. Jihong Wu, et al. Shanghai.
3. In early hypoxia stages, L-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamine synthetase（GS）were up-regulated and extracellular glutamate uptake was increased. However, continued hypoxia causes gradual dysfunction and reduction of GLAST and GS, as well as glutamate uptake. Xiao-Bo Xia. Changsha, Hunan.
4. Targeting neurotrophin receptors with ligands that activate survival pathways or inhibit death pathways is worth pursuing to achieve neuroprotection. In terms of neuroprotection in glaucoma, developing compounds that activate Trk-a/Trk-b receptors or inhibit Trk-c/p75 receptors are desirable successfully in glaucoma animal models, as Trks and p75 are anatomically segregated in different layers and different cell types. Yehong Zhuo, et al. Guangzhou, Guangdong
5. The fibroblasts of the mouse tail tip were reprogrammed into iPS cells and were then induced into retinal ganglion like cells, by Dkk1、Noggin、DAPT、Math5 subsequently. After being transplanted into the host retina of a chronic high intraocular pressure model, the retinal ganglion like cells were found successfully integrated into the ganglion cell layer of the retina and expressed the specific marker of Thy1.2. This offers a new insight into this potential strategy to treat neural blindness disorders, like glaucoma. Jian Ge, et al. Guangzhou,Guangdong.
6. A direct correlation has been found between BAK and tear film instability, loss of conjunctival goblet cells, conjunctival inflammation, conjunctival squamous metaplasia and so on.. It would be advisable to use benzalkonium-free antiglaucoma medications in patients suffering from preexisting or concomitant ocular surface diseases. Emphasis on preservative-induced adverse effects is far from enough in China. Yan Xu. Zhengzhou, Henan.
7. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and complication in treatment of glaucoma by GDD implant versus trabeculectomy, using Medline, EMbase, the Cochrane Library and CBM. 8 controlled studies (877 eyes) were included for meta-analysis and showed that GDD implant has equal efficacy and safety to trabeculectomy with antimetabolites in the treatment of glaucoma. Nan Ma, Xiang-ge He, Chongqing.
8. A randomized clinical trial of 100 patients (100eyes) with uncontrolled OAG, to compare trabeculectomy with viscocanalostomy for the control of intraocular pressure (IOP) was performed. After a mean period of 28 months follow up IOP control was better with viscocanalostomy, which was also associated with fewer early transient postoperative complications. Zhilan Yuan, et al. Nanjing, Jiangsu.
9. TM targeted glaucoma gene therapy focused on reduction of cellular contractility lowers IOP and increases outflow facility in organ cultured ocular anterior segments, and in primates in vivo. Rho GTPase (Rho) regulates actin dynamics by interacting with specific effectors. Exoenzyme C3 from Clostridium botulinum ADP-ribosylation specifically blocks Rho at R43 and prevents the recruitment of Rho on the cell membrane, leading to inactivation of its downstream effectors. Adenovirus (Ad)-mediated C3 expression significantly disrupted the cytoskeleton, focal adhesions and cell-cell adhesions of cultured HTM cells, and furthermore, increased outflow facility by 90% in organ cultured monkey anterior segments. Xuyang Liu. Chendu, Sichuan.
10. Surgical peripheral iridotomy is, at present, the first choice to treat primary angle-closure glaucoma. In a clinical trial, evaluating the efficacy of the laser peripheral iridotomy as the initial treatment for primary angle-closure glaucoma, this simple technique had a satisfactory lowering IOP effect, low related post-operative complications and lower medical cost. Laser peripheral iridotomy should be the initial treatment for primary angle-closure glaucoma. Xinghuai Sun, Shanghai.

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