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Editors Selection IGR 12-1
Clinical Examination Methods: Adaptive Optics SLO
Comment by Sung-Chul Park on:
53180 High-resolution imaging of retinal nerve fiber bundles in glaucoma using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, Takayama K; Ooto S; Hangai M et al., American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2013; 155: 870-881
Adaptive optics (AO), which was first used in astronomical telescopes, is a technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effect of wavefront distortions. For the past few years, AO has been used in glaucoma research to visualize the lamina cribrosa,1,2 retinal ganglion cells3 and retinal nerve fiber bundles (RNFBs).4,5 Takayama et al. conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study comparing the RNFB width between glaucoma patients and normal controls using AO scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and concluded that RNFB width was significantly smaller in the glaucoma group than in the controls. They also demonstrated that RNFB narrowing corresponded to RNFL thinning and visual field defects. The usage of RNFB width as a parameter to evaluate glaucomatous damage was suggested in a previous article by Kocaoglu et al.4 using AO optical coherence tomography (OCT). A good correlation between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by OCT and RNFB width measured by AO SLO in normal eyes was demonstrated in the authors' previous article.5 AO is certainly a promising technology in glaucoma diagnostics, but there are hurdles that should be overcome to be used in clinical practice. Current AO SLO captures only a small portion of the fundus (3.0 x 1.9 degrees in the present study) and it is timeconsuming to create a montage using numerous AO SLO images to evaluate one eye. Additionally, a better parameter should be invented than RNFB width. In the present study, RNFB was significantly thinner in the glaucomatous eyes than in the normal eyes only in 3 of 12 clock hour locations. As shown in Figure 3, RNFL thickness appears to be more useful in discriminating glaucoma from normal than RNFB width.
References
- Vilupuru AS, Rangaswamy NV, Frishman LJ, Smith EL 3rd, Harwerth RS, Roorda A. Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy for in vivo imaging of lamina cribrosa. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2007;24:1417-1425
- Ivers KM, Li C, Patel N, Sredar N, Luo X, Queener H, Harwerth RS, Porter J. Reproducibility of measuring lamina cribrosa pore geometry in human and nonhuman primates with in vivo adaptive optics imaging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:5473-5480
- Werkmeister RM, Cherecheanu AP, Garhofer G, Schmidl D, Schmetterer L. Imaging of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma: pitfalls and challenges. Cell Tissue Res. 2013;353:261-268
- Kocaoglu OP, Cense B, Jonnal RS, Wang Q, Lee S, Gao W, Miller DT. Imaging retinal nerve fiber bundles using optical coherence tomography with adaptive optics. Vision Res. 2011;51:1835-1844
- Takayama K, Ooto S, Hangai M, Arakawa N, Oshima S, Shibata N, Hanebuchi M, Inoue T, Yoshimura N. High-resolution imaging of the retinal nerve fiber layer in normal eyes using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. PLoS One. 2012;7:e33158
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